By switching over to renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power , maximizing fuel efficiency in our vehicles, and replacing more and more of our gasoline-powered cars and trucks with electric versions, we'll be limiting air pollution at its source while also curbing the global warming that heightens so many of its worst health impacts.
And what about the economic costs of controlling air pollution? According to a report on the Clean Air Act commissioned by NRDC, the annual benefits of cleaner air are up to 32 times greater than the cost of clean-air regulations.
When you can, walk, ride a bike, or take public transportation. For driving, choose a car that gets better miles per gallon of gas, or choose an electric car. Buying your food locally cuts down on the fossil fuels burned in trucking or flying food in from across the country. This story was originally published on November 1, , and has been updated with new information and links. The global toll of premature deaths attributed to the burning of coal, gasoline, and diesel is breathtakingly high, with new research doubling previous estimates.
For 50 years the Clean Air Act has proved that health and prosperity go hand in hand. The landmark law is now under threat. The Trump administration failed to monitor air pollution in the toxic aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. The air in southwestern Indiana is bad enough without the emissions from yet another proposed polluter. Ten years after the disaster at a Tennessee power plant, the cleanup crew is seeking justice. At the same time, the Trump administration is weakening protections for this toxic pollution.
Short answer: Yes. Even a seemingly slight average temperature rise is enough to cause a dramatic transformation of our planet. As temperatures and carbon levels rise, even breathing has become a challenge. Scientist Kim Knowlton monitors the inextricable connections between the planet's fragile health and our own.
Since this giant salty lake in the desert lost its water supply, its bird habitat has been shrinking and more toxic dust is wafting up from its dry lake bed. Can the Salton Sea be saved? Considering making the switch? Here's everything you need to know about driving electric cars and hybrids. Increases in global temperatures could cause associated increases in premature deaths related to worsened ozone and particle pollution.
Estimates that assume no change in regulatory controls or population characteristics have ranged from 1, to 4, additional premature deaths nationally per year by from combined ozone and particle health effects. Less certainty exists about the responses of airborne particles to climate change than the response of ozone. Watch a short video about air quality changes, and learn what communities can do to prepare. Parameter Estimation State Space of Sys. The developed simulation model incorporates the flows of personnel through various ranks, displaying the dynamic response of the system According to Figure 3 the extent of the pollution increases by the Spreading pollution.
On the other hand, the Extent of the pollution decreases by the pollution mitigation. The rescue system has a goal to keep the Desired extent of pollution to the minimal possible value.
The difference between Extent of the pollution and Desired extent of the pollution positively influences the Desired Mitigation efforts. The Desired mitigation efforts determine the extent of the Desired Workforce needed to mitigate the pollution.
By the spread of the pollution the important system perception delay is included. If the Desired mitigation increases, the Desired Workforce increases above the level that would otherwise have been. If the Efficiency of the rescuers were higher, the number of Desired Workforce would be less than in the case of lower efficiency. If the number of Desired Workforce increases, the Recruitment rate would increase above the level that would otherwise have been. Increase of Reicruitment increases the level of Workforce.
If the level of Workforce increases, the extent of Pollution mitigation would increase above the level that would otherwise have been. This is influenced by Efficiency; if the Efficiency increases, the rate of Pollution mitigation also increases. If the extent of Pollution mitigation increases, the Extent of the pollution decreases below the level that would otherwise have been.
The structure described represents the negative feedback loop where the reference point is the Desired extent of pollution which is null. To demonstrate system functionality, the Gaussian Dispersion model was applied, which is built on the Gaussian probability distribution of the wind vector that determines the pollutant concentration Holzberger, ; Tiwary, Modeling pollution dispersion using a Gaussian model involves an instantaneous release, i.
By moving along in the downwind direction the puff expands in volume, incorporating air from around it and reducing its concentration. Assumptions of the Gaussian model are that the point source emission rate is constant and continuous, flat terrain, t and that the wind speed is constant. Iin the main wind direction , advection dominates over diffusion and dispersion. The initial concept for deriving the Gaussian dispersion model is the solution of the transport equation, which accounts only for diffusion and determines how concentration changes with time: 1 where is the concentration of pollutant and K is diffusion coefficient.
Equation 1 has an analytic solution: 2 where represents the emission strength measured for example in units of. If one neglects the diffusion in horizontal direction the following differential equation is obtained for three dimensional case: where and represent the diffusivity in y and z direction and represents the decay rate of the process. The exponential terms represent various effects of reflection from the ground and inversions as well as the direct effect.
Applying the principle of superposition, the expressions could be combined for several sources. The values of and depend on the state of the atmosphere where the empirical approach is usually considered Turner, When considering air pollution modeling, several model packages Mazzola, are available. ALOHA, for example, is a computer program designed especially for use by people responding to chemical releases, as well as for emergency planning and training U.
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