Pdf hfbr

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You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. Log In Sign Up. Download Free PDF. Eoghan Clifford. Gavin Collins. Download PDF. A short summary of this paper. Kennelly1, E. Clifford1, S. Gerrity2, R.

Walsh3, M. Rodgers1, G. The reactors were operated at 10oC, typical of ambient wastewater and air temperatures in Ireland and were simultaneously dosed with air containing the gas in question and with a synthetic wastewater. The methane reactors were operated over 3 phases Phases 1 — 3 which lasted days in total. The average CH4 loading rate was 8. Despite the low operating temperature, CH4 removal efficiencies RE of up to In each of the reactors, profile samples of biofilm, air and liquid were taken periodically from various regions of the HFBR.

These allowed detailed description of removal processes and optimisation of the reactors by detailing changes in air, liquid and biofilm composition as air moved through the reactor. The results to date indicate that the HFBR has excellent potential to biologically treat odorous and greenhouse gases in an effective manner, lowering emissions of odours, toxins and environmentally hazardous gases.

New low energy, cost-effective and sustainable solutions are required to remediate these emissions due to increasingly stringent legislation and public pressure. Some of the most common complaints to Environmental Protection Agencies and local authorities internationally in the waste sector are regarding odour emissions Philips, a. Many of these odorous gases, for example hydrogen sulphide H2S , are also toxic. One of the more critical greenhouse gases encountered in waste and wastewater treatment settings is methane CH4.

The EU has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions under the legally binding Kyoto Protocol. It is therefore important that methane emissions from waste and wastewater treatment facilities be controlled. Physical and chemical methods of nuisance gas removal may be subject to various limitations, including high capital costs, generation of secondary pollutants and high maintenance costs Phillips, b; US EPA, Hence biological methods of gas treatment are more frequently being employed due to the inherent advantages of such techniques, including i neutralisation of the pollutant, ii low capital and maintenance costs and iii good overall performance Moosavi et al, More recently, biofilm technologies have been applied to treat CH4 emissions that are too low in concentration to be viable for use as fuel, offering a more sustainable means of reducing methane than traditional treatment methods Nikiema et al, The effectiveness of the HFBR as a biological wastewater treatment technology has previously been demonstrated.

Rodgers et al, ; Clifford et al, ; de Paor et al, Unlike biofilters, where the flows are predominantly vertical, the HFBR employs a flow regime in which the gaseous contaminants flow across alternating horizontal sheets.

This ensures good contact with the biofilm in the reactor and alleviates the typical problems associated with biofilm reactors such as clogging, channelling, compaction and pressure drop. In this study, pilot scale HFBRs were designed and tested for their efficacy in treating both odorous and greenhouse gases at temperatures typical of those encountered on site in Ireland.

Removal efficiencies were monitored and influent, effluent and profile samples of biomass, air and water were analysed to help optimise the design of the technology. The stack of sheets is arranged such that they are sealed but can be opened for visual assessment and, biofilm sampling. The working volume of each reactor was 20 L and the top plan surface area TPSA of the plastic media was 0. The air mixture was introduced above Sheet 1 at the top of the reactor and flowed horizontally across each sheet before moving to the sheet below.

The sheets were sealed in an airtight housing, preventing any bypass of the gas or wastewater. Aerial view of the HFBR. The mission of the HFBR was to provide a source of neutrons for multidisciplinary scientific research in materials science, chemistry, biology, and physics. The reactor was originally designed for operation at a power level of 40 megawatts MW. In addition to its external beams of neutrons, seven sample irradiation thimbles for neutron activation experiments were provided.

In , an equipment upgrade allowed for operations at 60 MW. The reactor was shut down in to analyze the safety impact of a hypothetical loss-of-coolant accident. A shield has been in-. Versatile Link specifications in-. Therefore, optical. Symbol Min. Data Rate. Link Distance. Standard Cable. Improved Cable.

Delay t PHL.